The eye of infants and children is smaller than adult eyes. However, the main reason pediatric ophthalmology differs from adults is that the brain during the first decade is in the process of LEARNING vision. Deficient learning of vision is called AMBLYOPIA associated with clouding of the image, misalignment of two eyes called STRABISMUS, or poor focus caused by abnormal REFRACTIVE ERRORS. Infants are at risk for blindness due to congenital defects and Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). A small number of children suffer from variants of common adult eye diseases: congential cataracts, developmental glaucoma, orbital tumors and lid deformities. About 6% of infants suffer from blockage of one or both tear ducts called NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION. Dr. Arnold specializes in pediatric ophthalmology and adult strabismus working closely with orthoptist Diane Armitage.